The Definition of a Gargoyle

Before starting this project, one must be clear on what distinguishes a Gargoyle from any other sculpture.

First of all, to dispel a common misconception - Grotesques and Gargoyles are inherently different from each other, as the former are just statues that are mounted upon buildings whereas the latter have the primary purpose of directing water away from the building's face. Many people end up mistaking the two, since they share similar appearances as carvings of strange, eldritch creatures.

Possibly the most well known building with gargoyles is the Notre Dame, which has many different designs

Gargoyles have historically existed since the ancient Greeks, but their most popular period was during the Medieval eras, as a practical way to draw the illiterate population to attend church. These gargoyles were often designed to look like animals, people or a mixture of the two so that these people would recognise them.

A gargoyle in the shape of a lion, as seen on the Cathedral Saint-Etienne de Meaux

It is also believed that the designs of the gargoyles are meant to represent multiple things, as people used to be very superstitious and would often trust and believe in the beings that were represented in these statues. Some believed that the beings, in their grotesque appearance, would ward off evil as they stand guard over the building. As these structures were often placed upon churches, it could also be said that they were a warning to those outside the Church - that those who came inside to pray would be safe unlike the heathen folk who chose not to.

However, in most cases, the design of the gargoyle is a sense of architectural freedom whilst also serving an important purpose; the resulting look of the gargoyle is often dependent on the imagination of the architect. A lot were inspired by fantastical creatures or demons, often having wings, horns, beaks or clawed feet. Others took stock of famous myths, such as the leafed face of the Green Man.

A gargoyle in the form of the 'Green Man'

References and Sources :

1) http://www.stratis.demon.co.uk/gargoyles/gg-ety-hist-myth.htm
2) http://www.cwrl.utexas.edu/~bump/oxford/gargoyles.html